Protein homeostasis, also known as proteostasis, refers to the maintenance of the proper balance of protein synthesis, folding, trafficking, and degradation within a cell or organism. This process is essential for maintaining cellular function, as proteins are involved in virtually every biological process. Protein homeostasis is regulated by a complex network of cellular pathways, including chaperone-mediated protein folding, quality control mechanisms that detect and remove misfolded proteins, and protein degradation pathways such as the ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy. Imbalances in protein homeostasis have been linked to a variety of diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, and metabolic diseases. Research in this area seeks to understand the mechanisms that regulate protein homeostasis and develop strategies to prevent or treat diseases associated with protein misfolding and aggregation.